Numbers
Aya has several representations for numbers: Num (represented by a double), BigNum, Rationals, and Complex (coming soon). Numbers are only promoted when needed. Number literals are always converted to Nums. Aya uses standard mathematical operators.
3 4 + .# => 7
5 6 - .# => -1
2 0.5 * .# => 1.0
3 2 ^ .# => 9
6 4 / .# => 1.5
6 2 / .# => 3
- is never a unary operator.
8 3 -1 .# is evaluated as (8 3-) 1 => 5 1
-1 .# ERROR: Empty stack at operator '-'
To write negative numbers, use a colon (with or without a -)
:1.5 .# => -1.5
:-1.5 .# => -1.5
Special Number Literals
Special number literals always begin with a colon. Special number literals can be used to create negative numbers, bignums, rationals, and complex numbers (coming soon).
.# A colon paired with a number with no additional formatting is negative
:3 .# -3
:-3 .# -3
.# BigNums end with a z
:123z .# 123
:-3.1232z .# -3.1232
.# Rational numbers separated numerator and denominator with a r
:1r2 .# 1/2
:3r .# 3/1
.# Complex numbers are separated with an i
:1i .# The imaginary unit
:2i5 .# 2i + 5
Special number literals also provide ways for creating numbers using binary and hexadecimal formatting.
.# Hexadecimals begin with :0x
.# All letters must be lowercase
:0xff .# 255
:0x111 .# 273
.# Binary literals begin with :0b
:0b11010 .# 26
.# Large hexidecimal and binary numbers are converted to BigNums
:0xfffffff .# 268435455 (Num)
:0xffffffff .# 4294967295 (BigNum)
Misc. Number Literals
Like all number literals, these values are evaluated pre-runtime.
Scientific Notation
Number literals of the form :NeM are evaluated to the literal number
N * 10^M.
aya> :4e3
4000
aya> :2.45e12
2450000000000
aya> :1.1e-3
.0011
PI Times
Number literals of the form :NpM are evaluated to the literal number
(N * PI)^M. If no M is provided, use the value 1.
aya> :1p2
9.8696044
aya> :1p
3.14159265
aya> :3p2
88.82643961
Root Constants
Number literals of the form :NqM are evaluated to the literal number
N^(1/M). The default value of M is 2.
aya> :2q
1.41421356
aya> :9q
3
aya> :27q3
3